Social Media and Violence

Why are so many young people turning to prescription drugs to get high? By survey, almost 50% of teens believe that taking prescription drugs is much safer than using illegal street drugs. Prescription drug abuse is a major issue that does not seem to be moving towards a solution. There's a reason why prescription drugs are intended to be taken under a doctor's direction if people don’t use them as they are to be taken, they can be extremely dangerous. Despite what many people think, abusing prescription drugs is not safer than abusing illicit drugs.The facts do state that prescription drugs can have dangerous short and long-term health consequences when used incorrectly or by someone other than they were intended for. Medicines are drugs that are intended to speed up or slow down or change something about the way your body is working, to try to make it work better. Sometimes they are necessary. But they are still drugs: they act as stimulants or sedatives, and too much can ki ll you. So if you do not use medicines as they are supposed to be used, they can be as dangerous as illegal drugs.People take drugs because they want to change something in their lives. Here are some of the reasons young people have given for taking drugs: * To fit in * To escape or relax * To relieve boredom * To seem grown up * To rebel * To experiment Young people think drugs are a solution. But eventually the drugs become the problem. To some it may be difficult to face problems, the consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem a person is trying to solve with them. The real answer is to get the facts and not to take drugs in the first place.Something that is not known by most young people is the risk they are taking by consuming these highly potent and mind altering drugs. Long term use of painkillers can lead to dependence, even for people who are prescribed them to relieve a medical condition but eventually get caught up in an addiction. In many cases, the dange rs of painkillers don’t surface until it is too late. In 2007, abuse of the painkiller Fentanyl killed more than 1,000 people. The drug was found to be thirty to fifty times more powerful than heroin. Association, 2012) Prescription painkillers are powerful drugs that interfere with the nervous system’s transmission of the nerve signals we perceive as pain. Most painkillers also stimulate portions of the brain associated with pleasure. So, while blocking pain, they produce a high. The most powerful prescription painkillers are called opioids. They are manufactured to react on the nervous system in the same way as drugs made from the opium poppy, like heroin. The most commonly abused opioid painkillers include oxycodone- is the number one abused prescription drug and has the greatest dangers.It is as powerful as heroin and affects the nervous system the same way, hydrocodone, meperidine, hydromorphone and propoxyphene. (htt2) According to the National Center on Addictio n and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, teens who abuse prescription drugs are twice as likely to use alcohol, five times more likely to use marijuana, and twelve to twenty times more likely to use illegal street drugs such as heroin, ecstasy and cocaine than teens who do not abuse prescription drugs. (Association, 2012)What is our government doing to help? In 2011 the Obama Administration with the help of the National Drug Control Strategy came up with a prescription drug abuse prevention plan and is as follows. * Education. A crucial first step in tackling the problem of prescription drug abuse is to educate parents, youth, and patients about the dangers of abusing prescription drugs, while requiring prescribers to receive education on the appropriate and safe use, and proper storage and disposal of prescription drugs. * Monitoring.Implement prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in every state to reduce â€Å"doctor shopping† and diversion, and enhance PDMPs t o make sure they can share data across states and are used by healthcare providers. * Proper Medication Disposal. Develop convenient and environmentally responsible prescription drug disposal programs to help decrease the supply of unused prescription drugs in the home. * Enforcement. Provide law enforcement with the tools necessary to eliminate improper prescribing practices and stop pill mills. (htt4)Prescription drug addiction is a huge problem and appears to be growing. All people of life are affected by prescription drug abuse. Drug abuse in any form is a very serious issue and should be addressed as quickly as possible. http;//kidshealth. org/teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/prescription_drug_abuse. html http://www. theantidrug. com/drugabuse/prescription-drug-rx-abuse/default. aspx http://www. whitehouse. gov/ondcp/prescription-drug-abuse Association, A. p. (2012). School Librarian's Workshop, 32(4), 6. In Dealing with drugs.

The Present Government Is Planning to Increase Compulsory Education to Age 18. Why Is Such a Measure Necessary? What Are the Reasons for the State to Implement Such a Law?

The present government is planning to increase compulsory education to age 18. Why is such a measure necessary? What are the reasons for the state to implement such a law? The proposed policy of changing compulsory schooling from 16 to 18 clearly shows the governments vision in how to they intend take a stronghold grip on economy and its problems. Governments aims have always been to raise attainment for all children and â€Å"to close the gap between the richest and the poorest† (Lemieux, 2006: ). From the late 1970s to 1991 the disposable income of the top quintile group increased form 26 to 42 percent, whilst the bottom quintile group fell from 10 to 7 percent (www. statistics. gov. uk), and this has increased further in current times. A possible reason for this increased inequality is the shifts in industry from non-skilled workers to skilled workers over the past 20 years, and educational systems failures to meet these changes. Raising education therefore would help create the supply of labour that industries demand, and help increase economic growth and GDP; both vital requirements in order for the country to come out of the recession, which is an integral part in all government policy. With record levels of unemployment, it is without doubt that this proposed policy intends to target and reduce the unemployment rate, especially amongst young individuals, as more education leads to better job opportunities in the future. Increasing education requirements would therefore theoretically solve the problem of increasing pressure by economists to cut costs and solve the ever-growing dependence of many on welfare. It is important to first define the human capital theory as it plays an integral part in the following points. Human capital theory is that the more educated and individual, the greater earning potential for that individual as he/she is more productive due to the skills they have attained. Belfield’s definition of human capital is the most commonly accepted as â€Å"an individuals embodied skills above their raw ability† (Belfield, 2000: 17). Based on this idea, raising the schooling age to 18 would therefore make young students obtain more skills, becoming skilled and more productive leading to greater job prospects and greater earnings potential. In the long run this would lead to increased consumption, less dependence on welfare due to less unemployment, increase GDP and help boost the economy out of recession. The proposed policy is necessary because it directly tackles youth unemployment that is crippling the current economy. With recent figures stating that as of September 2010, 2. 45 million people are unemployed (www. bc. co. uk), it is important the government aims to reduce this to help boost the economy, and improve national morale. By increasing the schooling age, the government hopes to solve the increasing number of young people unemployed. NEET is a government term that shows the number of people not in education, employment, or training. Recent figures show that â€Å"183,000, 9. 2% of young people aged 1 6-18 in England were NEET at end of 2009† (www. publications. parliament. uk). It is an alarming figure as it is one of the worst in the OECD countries, and needs to be tackled. This is because being NEET at a young age is associated with negative outcomes in later life, each having a cost not just for the individual but also for the economy as a whole (www. publications. parliament. uk). By implementing the proposed policy, this figure of 9. 2% of 16-18 year olds being NEET would be eradicated, and improve their chances of finding employment after leaving school. Greater human capital, revised outlook on goals and better decision-making are the result of more education, and as a result, in the long run, unemployment would fall, and there would be less strain on the welfare system. However, such a law is only effective if it helps meet the needs of the labour market. Labour market patterns and trends have played an important role in the decision to implement the proposed policy. Over recent years â€Å"there have been shifts in relative labour demand that have favoured skilled workers† (Machin & Van Reefen). The 1980s saw radical developments in technology and is often referred to as â€Å"the information age†. Computers, advanced machinery, and other technical change â€Å"has had a clear effect of increasing the relative demand for skilled workers† (M & Van R). This intuitively has led to a decrease in demand for non/semi-skilled workers in the labour market. This phenomenon is enhanced by the globalisation of many industries, and the membership of the EU, leading to many industries using alternative cheap labour in other countries; â€Å"increased foreign competition has damaged the position of less skilled workers† (M & Van R). Hough put forward the argument that the education system and its role is often â€Å"far from what the industry requires† (Hough, 1987: 15). Although this was not directly to do with the school leaving age, it is still relevant in this argument because it is clear that now skilled labour is what industry requires, and by increasing the schooling age to 18, the education system would help create more skilled workers through greater human capital accumulation and allocative efficiency, leading them to be more adaptable to work in such skilled professions. Therefore the increasing of the compulsory schooling age could be used to reduce unemployment rates. This is because labour supply of youths would meet the requirements of labour demand, something that hasn’t been the case over past years. This in turn would increase productivity and output, and help boost the economy, which is another important government aim. Therefore the proposed law can be seen as a way of tackling unemployment. Industries have been crippled by the recession, and the economy is growing at a very slow rate. By making young individuals more educated, it is widely accepted that this would lead to increased productivity and greater economic growth. It is based on the assumption of human capital theory: more education leads to increased productivity levels. Therefore by feeding the labour market with more skilled individuals (which is what the market demands), productivity and output within industries would increase. As the policy would increase education levels, wage levels will rise as individuals who pre-policy implementation would enter semi-skilled work, enter more skilled professions, leading to an increase in national income. With more skilled labour entering the labour force, industries will be able to undertake more skilled/capital intensive practices as they now have more able workers to carry out such operations. This leads on from the previous point, as productivity will increase as well as output. In the long run this would lead to increased consumption therefore the economy will grow. By increasing the schooling age to 18, the government are taking a direct approach to stimulate economic growth in the long run and increase output. Since the introduction of new labour in 1997, recent governments have constantly tried to reduce inequality in society; â€Å"to close the gap between the richest and the poorest† (Lemieux, 2006: ). Inequality in wages have risen dramatically in the UK over the past 20 years, with wage growth â€Å"more evident at the upper tail of the distribution† (Slemrod, 1996: 99). The increasing of the schooling age can be seen as another instrument in solving this. It can be linked to the previous point of meeting the demands of the labour market. It is often the case that when a child leaves school at 16, the opportunities for that individual to obtain high earnings are very limited, as they do not have the skills to compete with more educated individuals and therefore are often limited to low paid, non/semi-skilled professions. Hence by increasing compulsory schooling age to 18, individuals who would normally find themselves at the lower tail of the wage distribution would have potential increased earnings due to the more human capital accumulated, and reduce the gap between the two ends of the wage distribution. A counter argument to this is similar to the problem induced by the implementation of the minimum wage in affecting wage distribution with the wages of the those at the top end of the distribution also increasing. As a result inequality would be unaffected. Having said that, the fact that earnings prospects for young individuals would be greatly enhanced by the policy, shows that reducing inequality in the sense of bettering individuals standard of living, shows that this proposed policy would still be very effective in tackling the issue. The government is under great pressure to reduce the welfare state in order to help reduce the huge deficit of the country. The welfare system used to be a safety net for individuals, but unfortunately has now turned into a fishing net with many abusing it. Increasing the compulsory schooling age to 18 could be seen as a way to reduce the potential dependence people could have on welfare. By allowing students to develop their skills and have greater human capital, the prospects of them finding employment are that much greater, therefore reducing the possibility of unemployment and hence claiming off the state. One of the biggest strains on the state is teen pregnancy as it can lead to a vicious cycle of future offspring going through the same direction of life. Teen fertility is â€Å"driven by immediate thinking-efforts† (Oreopoulous) and poor decision making that is the result of little education. Conception rates for England was â€Å"40. 5 per 1000 girls aged 15-17† in 2010 (www. dcsg. gov. uk), which although is down on previous figures, is still regarded as to high by government officials. Oreopoulous states that education leads to better decision-making and eradicates the present orientated preferences of individuals (Oreopoulous, year : ). Increasing the schooling age by two years therefore can only be a positive step in trying to reduce teen fertility, and hence reduce the strain on the welfare state; and as a result can be shown to be another reason why the government are opting for such a policy. Finally, one must discuss the alternative approaches that the government could have taken instead of increasing the school leaving age. ALMPs are a government tool used to â€Å"raise output and welfare and reallocate labour between sub-markets† (Boeri & Ours, 2008: 261)). However, it is viable to say those ALMPs such as training and activation programmes will be used in conjunction with the new law; therefore strengthening the possible success of the proposed law further in tackling the problems of the labour market. After analyzing and evaluating the proposed law of raising the school leaving age, I have come to conclude that the government have felt that such a measure would: tackle youth unemployment, help create the supply that labour markets demand, increase production and output leading to economic growth, reduce wage and social inequalities, and reduce the dependence many might have on welfare. All these points help build towards the bigger picture the government has: to get the country on the right path to get out of the recession. It is a law that will reap rewards in the long run and will make inroads into changing the â€Å"careless and unambitious culture† of today’s youth. The law will be more beneficial to the country if it is worked in conjunction with alternative labour market policies such as training, and activation policies that will help those who leave school at 18 unemployed. It can be seen in broader aspects boosting the countrys moral and self belief and help Britains labour market and industry compete greater internationally. In my opinion is it is a necessary measure, and such a law will go a long way in helping stabalise and boost the economy. Bibliography Belfield, Clive R. Economic Principles of Education. Cheltenham: Edward Publishing Limited, 2000 Hough, J. R, Education And The National Economy. USA: Croom Helm, 1987 Lemeiux Machin and Van Reefen Slemrod, Joel. Tax Progressivity and Income Inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Oreopoulous Boeri, Tito and Ours, Van Jan. The Economics of Imperfect Labour Markets. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008. Other sources www. statistics. gov. uk www. bbc. co. uk www. publcations. parilament. uk www. dcsg. gov. uk

American Cultural Puritanism and The Crucible Essay

In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the playwright creates a scene based on the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, yet the themes that the play conveys are still embedded in modern society. John Proctor, the protagonist, is condemned for speaking out against the Puritan leaders, indicating a theme of individual versus society. However, the play as a whole depicts a time of political manipulation, when the society’s leaders expected all of the townspeople to follow the majority’s beliefs, condemning those who thought otherwise. These themes can be applied to both events occurring in modern society and the actions at the time the play was written, 1953. Before these themes can be applied, one must understand the general plot of The Crucible as well as the way it is carried out as a drama. The moral struggles of John Proctor are presented throughout the play, with the biggest one regarding his decision to either speak out against the majority and face the risk of being killed, or keep quiet and watch other innocent people be condemned. Proctor eventually tells the reverend and the judge, among other officials, what he believes the girls, such as Abigail Williams, are doing. He presents them with facts and evidence, explaining a scheme the girls are carrying out against him, yet the leaders do not listen to him. Instead, they sentence him to death for rebelling against the society, calling him a witch. While the main theme of Miller’s play interprets this time of political unrest, several smaller themes are also emphasized. The author implies that society cannot settle for just arresting and punishing criminals when they call attention to themselves. Instead, there is an occasional â€Å"witch hunt† where people are sought out and punished when they are, in reality, completely innocent (Goldstone, â€Å"Introduction,† 19). This becomes evident in The Crucible when one realizes that the officials could have stopped listening to the girls after they found out the first few names of people who were â€Å"witches.† Nevertheless, the girls were given the authority to give the names of anybody that they wanted, with the judge having no way of telling whether or not they were lying. Another major theme in the play  describes how people in every society have been forced to compromise their intellect and integrity in order to follow society’s popular beliefs. Miller’s feelings that innocent people could have been saved if more people had the courage to speak out against what was occurring are expressed in this universal account of the inhumane and senseless acts that have occurred throughout history. In the play, the audience has the opportunity to consider the viewpoints of John Proctor, an innocent person, rather than just the side of the government leaders, making the themes universal in that more members of modern society can relate to them. Miller explains in his essay, â€Å"Why I Wrote The Crucible,† that he intended for the play to depict a common reaction of people in a situation such as the Salem Witch Trials, or the anti-Semitism era around 1952. He says that many people turn their backs on friends, as well as others who have been condemned for some reason, to keep from being seen and then further identified with them. Much like the play’s protagonist, Miller was fearful of being identified as a communist when he wanted to write the play as a social criticism in the 1950s. Therefore, he used the events of the Witch Trials to draw a parallel rather than directly discussing anti-Semitism (2). In this same fashion, parallels can be drawn between The Crucible and contemporary society. Many members of society still fight a moral conflict when protesting the government, mainly because the belief that society must somehow make sense is common. Even though Puritanism and the beliefs associated with it do not effect society in the same way that they did in 1962, similarities can be seen in the lessons that the Salem Witch Trials teach and happenings in the modern-day world. While Miller used the Salem Witch Trials and his play to criticize the government in 1952, events similar to this occur every day in the world and many people can relate The Crucible’s themes of contradicting the majority to their modern lives.

Consumer Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Consumer Law - Essay Example Since D-I-Y is in the business of selling home improvement products, there is an implied condition that the varnish supplied is of satisfactory quality, especially since it is an in-house product. Was the varnish of satisfactory quality? There are two factors that would appear to indicate that it was not. Firstly, goods are deemed to be satisfactory if â€Å"they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory†¦.taking into account all other relevant circumstances.†2 In the case of â€Å"Dà ©cor Shine† the instructions on the tins indicate that the product is suitable for use on all types of wood. But this is not the case – the product is not suitable for use on very old wood since it causes shrinkage. Therefore the description that has been used for the product is false and akin to misrepresentation3 and cannot be said to be the kind of goods that Alf intended to buy. In the case of Reardon Smith v Hansen Tangen4, Lord Diplock clearly highlighted grounds that could exist for breach of contract through lack of identification of the goods being purchased: Alf intends to buy varnish for treating old wood, Dà ©cor Shine is not suitable for use on old wood, yet the label implies that it is, therefore the description of the product is inaccurate – they are not fit for the purpose for which Alf intends to use them.6 The statutory test to determine the merchantable quality of goods is that they are fit for the purpose that they are to be used8. Secondly, there is another factor impacting upon the satisfactory nature of the product - it contains no instructions that it should be used in well ventilated conditions, a statutory warning that would normally be included with these types of products and which a buyer has a right to expect. Since Dà ©cor Shine is in the business of supplying building products, there is an implied condition that the goods being supplied are of â€Å"satisfactory

Role Of The Ombudsman In The Corporate Setting Research Paper

Role Of The Ombudsman In The Corporate Setting - Research Paper Example To settle disputes that might arise between external constituents and the members under Ombudsman representation. Most employers are actively participating in reducing the litigation risk, by ensuring that they introduce the services of the Ombudsman. They ensure that they have a confidential, neutral, and independent third party to handle any confidential matter. Their purpose is to handle complaints of their employees before they advance to become lawsuits, which might be more costly and time consuming to both the management and the respective employee (Dona, 2011). Most company’s operations are at high risk of collapsing because of increased employee-initiated lawsuits. In relation to the most recent research conducted by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the medium cost in order to settle a discrimination lawsuit and any other complained by employee excluding legal costs is costing most organizations a lot (Edwin, 1989). In most of the situations, company employees are always very reluctant to air out their grievances relating to issues such as discrimination, as well as harassment. It is because of the fear of a possible judgment and prosecution that the company management might impose on an individual (Gershenfeld, 1997). In order to amicably deal with this sort of fear, as well as job insecurity, an ombudsman is an option viewed as a dependable, trustworthy, and risk-free party. Moreover, company employees use it to raise their grievances and at the same time be sure of their job security as well confidentiality. It is in the regard that ombudsman’s role comes into being and includes the following roles: Ombudsman has a major role, which is to act as a Listener (Mauton, 1984). In most cases employees in any given organization who have embraced the system, find it very useful to go the ombudsman way.

Environmental Impacts of Bottled Water Research Proposal

Environmental Impacts of Bottled Water - Research Proposal Example From this discussion it is clear that there are concerns on its implications for the environment, such as the effects on water resources, pollution, energy supplies, and health. For example, the plastic bottle waste is disposable to the open environment and involves the use of fossil fuels that pollute the environment. The research paper aims to determine the negative implications of bottled water for the environment to encourage the development of appropriate and adequate interventions to preserve the environment. It will explore several areas including implications for water resources, health, waste disposal,pollution, energy security, and interventions applied. The research findingswould be relevant to environmental conservation agencies, governments and other stakeholders all over the world.  The research objectives will be achieved by developing questions that will guide in execution, data collections, and other parts of the study. The questions will help in determining the kind of data collected for the purposes of analysis and discussion findings.  Several negative consequences for the bottled water industry are expected out of the research. The data collected using the research question would show an alarming increasing trend of bottle water in the U.S and the whole world.Secondly, the bottled water is sourced from natural resources and involves wastages that lead to over-exploitation. Thirdly, plastic bottles are made from fossil fuels and increased use leads to a huge carbon footprint.

The best parenting style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The best parenting style - Research Paper Example Several studies discovered that parenting style can affect the personalities and behaviors of their children (Evans, 2012; Baldwin, McIntyre, & Hardaway, 2007). To determine the best patenting style, a number of secondary sources and one primary source have been used. In several cases, the best parenting style is authoritative parenting, although other factors, including culture, family dynamics, and children’s traits can affect the decision for choosing the style that fits the context and individualities of children. Authoritarian parents are not very good in raising happy, confident, sociable, and high-achieving children. These parents integrate high control with low warmth or parental involvement (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010, p. 250). They want to nurture the values of hard work, compliance, and discipline among their children (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010, p.250). Clinical psychologist Block described that authoritarian parenting focuses on maintaining control and authority (personal communication, October 20, 2012). She stated: â€Å"[Authoritarian parents] use their authority to control their children. They make rules that are explained through the need to be obedient to authority† (personal communication, October 20, 2012). She explained that authoritarian parents are strict and demanding because they expect their children to act as adults. Their punishment tends to be physical and punitive: â€Å"They punish children who do not follow their rules, sometimes through spanking them† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Furthermore, authoritative parents rarely show warmth toward their children because â€Å"many think that warmth will make their children weak† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Authoritarian parents think that control and less emotional interaction is the best way to raise children. Kail and Cavanaugh (2010) noted from their review of studies that authoritarian parents raise children who tend to be unhappy and overly aggressive, while permissive parents tend to have children with poor self-control and are very impulsive. Block explained that the children of authoritarian parents can have extreme behaviors (personal communication, October 20, 2012). On the one hand, some are â€Å"rebellious and have been involved in alcohol and drug abuse† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Some have developed â€Å"bullying behaviors† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). On the other hand, others are very â€Å"obedient and efficient in following rules† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Block underlined that they follow because of â€Å"fear for punishment, and not because they believe that it is right† (personal communication, October 20, 2012). Happiness is elusive too: â€Å"I have interviewed these children and none of them are happy. They may project high self-esteem, but they are very uncert ain in discussing their goals and identity† (B. Clock, personal communication, October 20, 2012). Hence, children of authoritarian students are not always happy and successful in their chosen fields, probably because of their reaction to their parents’ authoritarian control on their lives. Permissive parents may be too lenient, although they can raise self-assured and disciplined students too. Permissive parenting has little rules and demands; these parents are very responsive to their children’s emotional needs (Shaffer, 2009, p. 378). The idea is to

Colonialism and culture in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Colonialism and culture in Latin America - Essay Example Most of the Colonialism is done by Spain, Portugal and some is done by France. The Highest GDP per capita income is from Argentina, which is $ 13,153 and lowest is recorded by Haiti, which is $1,6141. In this discussion, colonialism and culture of Argentina would be discussed specifically to address the emerging questions in the Latin America about the society. Barton and L. Tedesco said in the year 2004: "Political crisis in Argentina and Venezuela, social mobilization in Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and state failure in Colombia. This is the Latin American political landscape at the beginning of the twenty-first century. There are currently few countries in the region that can be described as increasingly stable; the cases of Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay may be the exceptions that prove the rule in this regard, although they are not without their internal divisions and conflicts. This lack of stability can be explained to a large extent by the considerable social, political and economic upheaval that took place across the region during the last quarter of the twentieth century"(p. 1). Argentina is the second largest country in the South America area vise, it is one of the Latin American republics that appeared as a result from the fall of Spanish colonial empire in the early nineteenth century, it was actually a movement that was started and led by Creole merchants and assisted by rebel irregulars in rural areas that brought the separation of Argentina from the Spanish empire, the separation appeared in two different phases, the first took place in 1810 and the second in 1816. The country had faced almost 50 years rivalry and after that in the earlier nineteenth century it had started to appear as a super power with beef exports as a principal economic activity, the country by then had started practicing every economic activity. About discussing the identity of the people of Argentina, most of them belong to three different groups, the first one were Creoles, the African slaves brought in by the Spanish empire, many of them have disappeared now, or perhaps mixed in whites, the second group consists of Italians, it is claimed that Argentina is the second homeland of Italians, the third most important group appeared in Argentina is the Jewish group, at the time of Spanish conquest so many of the Jews were also the part of immigrants in 1880s. Today more than 90 percent of the people in Argentina are professed to be Roman Catholics, there are other religions followed as well, such as Judaism, Muslims. The modernizing Argentina came in view when it started educating its people, as written in Facundo: "But the state of primary education is what gives the most complete idea of the culture of that time. No city of the Argentine Republic has distinguished itself more than San Juan in its diligence to expand education, nor has any other obtained more complete results. The government, not satisfied with the capability of the province's men to carry out such an important duty, in 1815 ordered that a person combining competent training with great morality be brought from Buenos Aires." (Ross, 2003: 89) The above-mentioned sentences can show the importance of the Buenos Aires, which is perhaps the biggest city in Argentina

The term Eloquence as it relates to rhetoric Essay

The term Eloquence as it relates to rhetoric - Essay Example Also concr. eloquent language. Primarily of oral utterance, and hence applied to writing that has the characteristics of good oratory. In modern use: the notion of impassioned utterance is more prominent". History has produced a number of statesmen and philosophers who were physically weak and frail old men, but who with their sharp tongues and a nimble mind, would speak so sublimely in a simple and lucid manner that even the meanest despot would think twice before acting in haste. Eloquence is a tool and a facilitator that helps an ordinary speaker to become an orator. An orator would again use strong rhetoric to force out an issue in his own favour. In short, eloquence, rhetoric and oratory are interlinked. Eloquence when combined with oratory becomes powerful and when the two combine with rhetoric, the combination can become deadly and powerful, moving armies to inaction and turning the speaker from a position of weakness to a position of strength. The Oxford Dictionary emphasises this point and when Marc Antony speaks out to the citizens of Rome he begins with ‘Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears, for I have come to bury Caesar and not praise him’. In all probability, if Marc Antony had become a tirade of anger and wrong doing or even treachery against Brutus and this gang, then the crowd would not have rose to punish Brutus and the history of the world would have been different (Rawson, 1978). Eloquence is not about using very high blown language or even using complex terms and ideas and it is not about brow beating an audience into accepting a high sounding speech that they do not understand. Rather it is using ordinary words and phrases and combining them to force the audience into thinking on a different track. It is not about rabble rousing though leaders down the ages, have used it for waging mutiny

Language Learning Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language Learning Autobiography - Essay Example On reflection, I realize that my first strategy was to imitate. Although I did not completely understand the teacher’s instructions, I was able to follow by imitating and taking the lead from peers. The English teacher would usually teach a new language point and then start with class choral work before moving on to a small group, pair work and then individual responses. This allowed me the opportunity to imitate the other students and thus not only improve my language knowledge but to improve my pronunciation. My experience, therefore, provides evidence to Skinner, who states that imitation through repetition is important in the early stages of acquiring a first language and learning a second language. I learnt and acquired English not only by study but by social interaction with teachers and peers (both local and ESL students) which necessitated me to pull on or extract the language I already knew and manipulate it for the situation at hand; in other words it provided me the opportunity of having to use English for communicative purposes rather than for classroom intent. Different cultures and curriculum proved difficult for me at first but I was able to catch up with other studies because my ESL teachers and other proficient English speaking peers helped me to adapt to the new curriculum. The school also provided similar conditions for me to work with more proficient peers in the classroom and I know that this interaction helped me in first learning and then acquiring my second language. Vygotsky (1978) (cited in Coelho, 2004) states that when a child is acquiring their first language they learn best by interacting with peers that are at a higher level in language development than themselves they will learn better. He calls this the child’s proximal development zone, which is defined as the level just beyond where the child is at. I now know that a similar process is evident in acquiring a second

Answering the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Answering the question - Essay Example Zrich zum Beispiel ist 2000 Jahre alt. Die Berner Altstadt ist im UNESCO-Verzeichnis der Weltkulturgter. Es gibt noch viele Jahrhunderte alte, relativ intakte, kompakte Kleinstdte. Die dominanten Bauten in den Stdten (vorwiegend Regierungsgebude, Banken oder groe Hotels) errichtete man zum grten Teil im 19. Jahrhundert. Please mark or fill in the correct answer clearly. There is only ONE correct answer to each question or statement. TASK 1 Wie viel verstehen Sie Write your answers in ENGLISH (unless otherwise indicated) in the space provided. /2 1. Why do most of the Swiss people rent apartments or houses List two reasons. (2 pts.) a: There is little land for building, which makes houses and flats expensive. Many people can not afford purchasing ones. b: The rules for building are very strict. /1 2. If you made 3,000 CHF (Swiss Francs) per month, how much rent would you most likely pay per month (1 pt.) a. 650 CHF. b. 550 CHF. c. 500 CHF. /1 3. Most Swiss households consisted of how many people in 1990 (1 pt.) 1 or 2. /1 4. Why can't you easily change a building to have it look the way you want it (Explain the reason for the strict rules.) (1 pt.) The Swiss try to preserve their initial architecture style as many of their buildings are centuries old and considered significant part of the world culture. /3 5. Which three areas in villages are affected by building bylaws (3 pts.) a. The area for houses b. The area for industry c. The area for agriculture /1 6. Why is stability important for construction (1 pt.)It makes the constructions durable. /1 7. Where do most people live-in cities or in the countryside (1 pt.) About 1/3 of the population lives in the five biggest cities of Switzerland, however there...Das bedaeutet, dass man selbst ohne Erlaubniss nichts veraendern kann. Building in Switzerland is restricted by law, and there are several reasons for it. First of all, there is little land, so before building one has to make an accurate plan taking to account all the little details. Another important thing is to protect beautiful old architecture of Switzerland. This means that nobody can change anything without permission. So, there are very strict rules for building in Switzerland, which, on the one hand, makes houses and flats expensive, on the other hand, it guarantees the high quality of building works and the protection of the old architecture style.

The Romantic Era Essay Example for Free

The Romantic Era Essay The basic notion behind the music belonging to the Romantic Era was its deep and realistic impact on the audience’s heart and mind. Such was the popularity of Romanticism amongst musicians that a certain number of them created their own unique templates. Along with the progressing popularity of the German lieder, newly introduced instrumental styles like overtures and symphonic poems also gained heat (Kirby, 1990). Classical music in this era prospered and rose to such a high notch that it is absolutely essential to state that some of music’s most magnificent works were created during this period. Legendary music composers including Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, and Schumann, have made priceless contributions to the romantic classical music. For example, Beethoven composed his later works in this period while Schubert composed a vast number of lieder, symphonies, chamber music, and piano solos. Furthermore, Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner also attained popularity in the mid 19th century on behalf of their sophisticated compositions. Liszt produced some extraordinary music for piano while Wagner combined the various forms of arts into his mythological musicals (Kirby, 1990). In the late 19th century, composers performed diverse experimentations on their works. For instance, Anton Bruckner had a tinge of both religion and secularism in his symphonies; Johannes Brahms found himself in Classicism; Giuseppe Verdi was responsible for some of the greatest operas of all time; Gustav Mahler composed for a full orchestra; and Richard Strauss made his name in symphonic poems and operas. Moreover, this era was also famous for its nationalistic characteristics. Musicians in the north and east side of Europe took the initiative to include a patriotic element in their compositions. Their basic inspiration for this matter was their local folk songs and dances. The renowned Russian composer, Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky was a significant figure of this category and is attributed for his nationalistic approach (Kirby,1990).

Globalization And Social Movement Politics Essay

Globalization And Social Movement Politics Essay It is believed that the demand for democracy, whenever or when it arises, always comes from individuals who believe that their leaders for some reason are sidelining their very needs and aspirations of their subjects. These kinds of people at times tend to either become leaders themselves or automatically establish a system where the population has good and accountable leadership. Democracy hence is said to be a very crucial element and practice. The practices and concepts of social equality have understood their place in a more advanced way in the constitutions of their various countries. Internationally there is very few traces of democracy that resembles a countrys national dynamics. Hence it has been noted that major powerful countries tend to make decisions that dully affect the lifestyles of citizens belonging to other countries. Absolutely there is then no question that there is a powerful connection between the social movements and globalization. It is clear enough that social movements theories for a very long time have been greatly state-based with the main analysis being that of social movements across a country. Again as time went by, during and by the 1980s it was noted that the nation-state was no longer the best way of analysis. This was facilitated by the rapid increase in international governance and the very change of roles in the institituions of global governance i.e. IMF, World Bank, and WTO. This came with the increase in power of transnational state and transnational capitalist class, multinational organizations, all under one main neoliberal ideology. Thus it should be noted that all these implementations and developments have deeply influenced social movements and globalization. Another yet result of globalization and a challenge to the deep conservative theories of communal movements was t he uprising in the 1990s of what is apparently known as the traditional labor unions, worldwide advocacy networks and international social movements. It was very impossible to assume the presence of such worldwide social movements as ala the traditional labor unions, native populace actions within the Amazonian areas, environmentalists from around Europe and the very individual rights advocates together joined forces in Seattle to discuss the very negative impacts of globalization at the World Trade Organization meeting. Thus the mass mobilization uniting different individuals within different states, engaging in long-lasting interactions with the political elites, worldwide institutions and multinational organizations is what is known as the transnational social movements. Hence social movements are said to be the internal rivalry between diverse groups and organizations having numerous sites for management and thoroughly structured along free networks commonly referred to as SPR. This type of structure has henceforth allowed movements to basically be free and flexible with the ability to engage likeminded various constituencies within the global system. As people continue to be affected more and more by the transnational processes and the factors beyond the nation-state, social movements have rapidly continued to grow transnational. Hence these movements have strongly reacted towards the negative impacts of neoliberalism and globalization. It should be noted that the upcoming of the global civil society is due to the international deficit in regard to democracy, moreover the lack of proper systems in the very institutions of international governance. International social movements always share a worldwide frame of problems and issues to be addressed, target the population and have an international set of actions, thus they always tend to campaign for change regarding the international issues. Moreover the choice between the three communal movements which include the global justice, feminist and Islamist do fully reflect the lack and disappointments within the transnational civil society. It should be clear to every population that not all the movements are generally emancipatory. Great diversity is experienced within these social movements. For example within the Islamist movement, the use of repertoires from terrorist hostility to parliamentary events is seen, whereas there is permanent disagreement inside the universal feminist activities over the anxiety that the grievances of women from the metro pole will actually assume important issues from the edge. Clashes amongst the secular and religious groups are hence experienced within the main global justice movements. Thus with reference to the international feminist movement, the agenda is always based on the following three significant issues: fighting and campaigning for peace, campaigning for religious fundamentalism and campaigning against neoliberalism. The transnational women movements are said to have taken the very opportunity of the United Nations meetings on women such as those that were held in Beijing in 1995 and Nairobi in 1985, using these meetings as the stepping stone and with an intention of framing the agenda in opposition towards the religious organizations. The feminist movements have also been largely involved with the issues regarding feminization of poverty and gender-based violence as well as the feminization of employment. Again it is noted clearly that neoliberalism and patriarchy always try to comfort and depend on each other in order to continue the massive oppression of the woman in a situation of cultural, economic and social inferiority, devaluation and marginalizat ion. This extends to excessive labor and commercialization of their being as women. But, as mentioned, there are divisions on certain issues between different feminist groups, for instance, on the abortion issue: Arguably the global justice movement is wider and is made up of numerous groups: labor unions, womens rights, anti-war groups, religious groups, population advocates, human rights and environmentalists. Generally this movement is basically highly motivated and dedicated by the idea that people can live much more better and happier without neoliberalism, this consist much more of debt relief, fair and easier trade, labor rights, sustainability and environmentalism and the very democratization of institutions which relate to international governance. Hence this kind of diversity has absolutely led to collective responsibility, from lobbying governments institutions to petitioning, with demonstrations and direct actions (such as Seattle in 1999). Hence the election of Lula as president of the republic of Brazil in 2002 from a union leader was a clear indication that the uprising and emergence of global justice movement was taking place. Her election was vital to the formation and establishment of the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre. This has seen the global justice movement later involving itself with numerous protests against world organizations such as the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO with the ability and capacity for better formation and coordination through improved technological advancement. Conclusion: It is thus clear that the rise of global social movements and transitional movements in the very past has largely grown due to the much lack of international democracy, with significant calls for social and economic justice. These movements have further shown that the nation-state is very significant either as an oppressive force or a promoting force.

The use of a counselling approach

The use of a counselling approach This essay will critically assess the use of a counselling approach which might be appropriate for supporting an identified client through the process of change or coping with stress and Illness. This will be achieved through considering the counselling skills and counselling approaches and also considering how the practitioner will use the chosen approaches to support the client. The essay will also be looking at how the approach will be used with other aspects of intervention relevant for the service users.   The chosen client is a young child, who is of the age of 6 who is currently in primary school. The special needs co-ordinator who is working alongside the client feels that the child in question is withdrawn from the rest of the class and this could possibly be due to a speech and language difficulties that the child may be suffering from. The special co-ordinator will be using art as a form of  counselling the child, alongside using the transactional analysis approach (TA) which inter-links with the psychodynamic approach.    The special needs co-ordinator was particularly used for this child over the other professionals such as a teacher assistant because the special needs co-ordinator is able to give the child regular periods of individual help, by raising the childs self-esteem this is through classroom activities such as creative arts (Szwed, 2007). For example story telling would be used by the child through puppets whereby the child would use the puppets to act out a story, this would allow the special need co-ordinator to identify how the child may be feeling through their thought process through their imagination (Wright, 1995).   It is important to understand that as children are seen to be vulnerable, that the right professional is chosen for them, as the special needs co-ordinator will be working with the child on a daily basis, the child will feel secure and is able to express how they are feeling, this will not only help the child but also the professional to, as the professional is able to gain information from the child, but also the child will feel secure (as they will feel conformable to talk to the professional) and able to recover quickly from their illness (The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, 2011). Certain skills and training is required by the specials needs co-ordinator in order to support the child. For example as the special need co-ordinator is using art for counselling the child, the professional needs training on how they can interpret the art that the child has made. This is   important because if for example the child draws a firework, that could either represent the child being happy or the child being sad as they are frighten from it, however these skills by the professional only comes when training and support is provide to them (Hegarty, 1993) However, there are many problem that a child may be faced with when dealing with a special need co-ordinator. It is important that the special needs co-ordinator support both the child and the family this is because the family may feel neglected into the stages of the child development so it is important that the professional at all times informs the parent of what happening with the child (Lindsay and Dockrell, 2000)   It is essential that the professional make sure that the child needs and want are paramount this is important because the professional needs to make sure that certain barrier are not crossed and know what the limits are. For example the child may feel enhinder by the special needs co-ordinator because he/she is sitting to close to the child and the child may feel that he/she is not getting treated the same, this could be a result of peer pressure through being teased by the other children (Croll and Moss, 2000)   There are many different approaches that can by used when supporting a client who is going through the counselling process, some of which include the psychodynamic, humanistic and behavioural approach. However for the purpose of this essay, it will be focusing on the psychodynamic approach, which focus on the border picture of the therapeutic approaches (This session was introduced in the counselling module in Week 8 on 24/11/10) (The Counsellors Guide, 2011). For example the psychodynamic approach would by used on a child to try to get them to bring their feeling to the surface, so that the child is understood and can experience their feelings (Hood, 2008) The Psychodynamic approach looks at the principle of that everyone has an unconscious mind. It believes that everyone who has a feeling which is held by the unconscious   part of the mind find it painful to face their feeling. An example of this within children are that children can become very in-denial of their illness or condition. The development of psychodynamic therapy was introduced by a man called Sigmund Freud (Shaver and Mikulincer, 2005) This approach identified that the humans personality can be divided into three components of the Id, Super-Ego and Ego, through the three domains of the mental activity of the unconscious, pre-conscious and conscious (Segrist, 2009). For example the special needs co-ordinator will chose a specific art activity as a way of looking at how the development in the childhood process has had an impact on the child today (Kaplan, 2007)   The transactional analysis approach is an approach that incorporates both the theory of psychotherapy and psychology, however the transactional analysis is based on a integrative model whereby it uses an element of cognitive and psychoanalytic approach but it mainly focuses on the psychoanalytic approach. The transactional analysis approach was developed by a psychiatrist Eric Berne in the late 1950s (Hargaden and Sills, 2002).    According to Berne everyone has three behavioural characterises, which are the adult, parent and child, these are referred to as ego states. The child ego states looks at the way in which the child thinks, feels and behaves from the first few years of their life. For example, for a child it will be looking at how the child has survive through life to reach the stage that they are now (Stewart, 2007) Whereas the adult ego looks at the thinking, feeling and behaviour in the way which is appropriate with what is actually here and now. For example how a persons bereavement process is after losing a love one, through the feeling, thinking and behaviour (Pitman, 1982) However the parent ego looks at how you can copy and borrow from parent and other grown-ups through a variety of social influences such as the media. An example of this would be when a child behaviour changes through a influence of a adult peer due to peer pressure or role models (Midgley, 1999)   For example this approach in relation to the child is saying that the child always has an adult inside them and can experience different characteristics, for example they can show empathy by acting like the adult (Killick and Schaverien, 1997).    Transactional analysis is used on children so that they are able to understand their own emotions and how this affects the childs behaviour. For example the transactional analysis approach would be used on a chid who may have a speech and language difficulty by using drawing to express how the child maybe feeling. For example, when the child has drawn the picture if he/she is feeling anything different and if he/she does feel different, what is it, that is making the child feel the way that they are. If they drawing made the child feel happy what is it that made them feel that way, it could possibility be the use of the creativity used in art through the colourful drawing, then you would look at the past and ask the child how they were feeling then (Teacher.Tv, 2006).    Art is used by the transactional analysis approach for children as it provides an aid which enable the child to communicate in an creative way. This is because as the chosen child is withdrawn from the class due to a speech and language difficulty, the child is less likely to open up and express how they are feeling. Art provides a good bases for the professional to understand the child and change the way in which the child is thinking (Clarkson, 1992). An integrated art therapy exercises was used in the counselling module on the 26/01/11 through creativity by making an object out of art material to identify the process of university life in the last year. From this activity it identified that arts can bring out what the person is feeling and the way in which they can express their feeling and through through the use of art. The approaches to counselling can overlap each other for example transactional analysis and cognitive behavioural therapy according to Hann (2011) stated that both of   these approaches use a collaborative methods, this means that the child and the professional work on equal grounds. However these both do have some limitations, for example although both of the approaches look at the childs past experiences the transactional analysis approach focuss more on the childhood rather than focusing on the here and now whereas the cognitive behavioural approach look at both however it mainly focuss on the behaviour of the child and how that can change the childs thoughts and feeling (Taylor and Francis, 1977).      The transactional analysis approach itself both has it strengths and limitations. For example the strength of the approach is that it look at the childs childhood experience this is a positive as you are able to identify the root cause of the problem however this also can be seen as a disadvantage as you are not considering other factors that may have contributed to the illness such as lifestyle factors. In relation to the ego states the egos may overlap this could be seen both as a positive and a negative, it can be seen as a positive as the communication can be lost when the egos overlap this can be seen as be a negative as the child may loose trust, however it can bee seen to be positive as it considering the overlapping factor of all the egos because the child cant just have one egos sometime a child may overlap through different stages of counselling.    Overall it can be concluded that   Reference à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clarkson, P (1992) Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy (An integrated approach). London: Routledge   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Croll, P and Moses, D (2000) Special Needs in Primary School.   London: Cassell à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hargaden, H and Sills, C (2002) Transactional Analysis (A Relational Perspective). Sussex: Routledge   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hann, C (2011) About Counselling/Psychotherapy [WWW]   Counselling/Psychotherapy. Available from: http://www.caroledehaancounselling.co.uk/phdi/p1.nsf/supppages/3459?opendocumentHYPERLINK http://www.caroledehaancounselling.co.uk/phdi/p1.nsf/supppages/3459?opendocumentpart=2HYPERLINK http://www.caroledehaancounselling.co.uk/phdi/p1.nsf/supppages/3459?opendocumentpart=2part=2 [Accessed 02/03/11] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hegarty, S (1993) Meeting special needs in ordinary school, 2nd ed. London: Cassell Education Limited à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Kaplan, F.F (2007) Art Therapy and Social Action. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Killick, K and Schaverien, J (1997) Art, Psychotherapy and Psychosis. London: Routledge à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lindsay, G and Dockrell, J (2000) The behaviour and self-esteem of children with specific speech and language difficulties. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70 (4), pp. 583-601 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Midgley, D (1999) New Direction in Transactional Analysis Counselling. London: Free Association Book Ltd à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pitman, E (1982) Transactional Analysis: An Introduction to its Theory and Practice . Journals of Social Work, 12, pp. 47-63 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Segrist, D (2009) Whats going in your professors head? Demonstrating the Id, Ego and Superego. Teaching of Psychology, 36 (1), pp. 51-54 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shaver, P and Mikulincer, M (2005) Attachment theory and research: Resurrection of the psychodynamic approach to personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 39 (1), pp. 22-45 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Stewart, I (2007) Transactional Analysis Counselling in Action, 3rd ed. London: Sage Publication Ltd à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Szwed, C (2007) Reconsidering the role of the primary special educational needs co-ordinator: policy, practice and further priorities. British Journal of Special Education, 34 (2), pp. 96-104 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Taylor and Francis (1977) Free Paper. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, 6 (4), pp. 25 146   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Teacher.Tv (2006) Transactional Analysis [WWW] Teacher.Tv. Available from: http://www.teachers.tv/videos/transactional-analysis [Accessed 02/03/11] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (2011) What is therapy? [WWW] The   British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. Available from: http://www.bacp.co.uk [Accessed 28/02/11] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Counsellors Guide (2011) Psychodynamic Approaches to   Counselling [WWW] The Counsellors Guide. Available from: http://www.thecounsellorsguide.co.uk/psychodynamic-approaches-counselling.html [Accessed 02/03/11] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wright, A (1995) Storytelling with children. Oxford: Oxford University Press   

Richard Lederer: His Works :: essays research papers fc

Richard Lederer: His Works Richard Lederer was once asked where he would get all these funny stories he answered: "Ever since I became a writer, I had found that questions the most difficult to answer and had only recently come up with an analogy that I thought would satisfy both my audience and me. Pouncing on the opportunity to unveil my spanking new explanation, I countered with, Where does the spider get its web? The idea, of course, was that the spider is not aware how it spins out its intricate and beautiful patterns with the silky material that is simply a natural part of itself. Asking a writer to account for the genesis of his or her ideas is as futile as asking a spider the source of its web and method of its construction." Richard Lederer Introduction and bibliography Richard Lederer was the kind of child who, almost as soon as he could talk, saw a butterfly and cooed, "Oh, goody. A butterfly will flutter by." Even as a high- school student, Richard knew that Elvis Presley, born three years before him, would become immortal because he recognized that "Elvis Lives" is a two-word anagram. Richard Lederer entered Haverford College as a pre-medical student but soon found that he was reading the chemistry books for their literary value. Mr. Lederer became an English major and then attended Harvard Law School, where he found that he read the law cases for their literary value. So rather than fighting his verbivorous instincts, He switched into a Masters of Arts and Teaching program at Harvard. That led to a position at St. Paul's School, in Concord, NH, where he taught English and media for 27 years. Richard Lederer said that he would have gladly served them for the rest of his days, but having earned a Ph.D. in English and Linguistics from the University of New Hampshire inspired him to write books on language. The enthusiastic and popular response to these books, beginning with ‘Anguished English', gave him the opportunity to leave the St. Paul's community to extend his mission to teach in the English language. More than a million of his books are in print, most with Pocket Books and Dell. Richard Lederer has a column, "Looking at Language," which reaches more than a million readers through newspapers and magazines across the United States. His books have been nominated for the Book-of-the-Month Club as well as appearing in the Literary Guild alternate selections, and, in addition, his work has received positive reviews from the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, National Review, and Reader's Digest.

The Washington Monument Essay -- Architecture Monuments Construction E

The Washington Monument The Washington Monument, a memorial structure designed and constructed in the nineteenth century, signifies an important tribute to the prestigious role and achievements of our nation’s founding father. Ideas for such a monument first arose in 1783, by which time â€Å"the fame George Washington, Commanding General and first President of the United States, was assured in the pantheon of statesmen of the world† (1). It was during this year that the Continental Congress proposed an â€Å"equestrian statue† in honor of â€Å"Washington’s services and his unique role in the founding of the new Republic† (1). Despite the project’s popularity with the public, however, little action was taken following the suggestion until after the former president’s death in late 1799; and, even then, debate ensued as to the design and methods of funding. When construction finally began fifty years later, more negotiations developed within a wide range of aspects. Engineers argued over site location and an adequate foundation. Finances waned due to non-congressional funding, the nationwide Panic of 1837, and a general loss of faith in the project’s organizational capability. The sole supplier of marble struggled to meet the extensive demands of material needed in the latter part of construction. Political opposition (by the Know-Nothing Party) to the acceptance of foreign aid in funding the project led to radical events (namely, theft and seizure) that slowed progress for several years. And the Civil War resulted in the halt of construction altogether, creating two separat e building phases as the country dealt with internal turmoil. More important than the variety of obstacles these issues pr... ...ew York City. On each side of the capstone, the official record for the construction of the monument was engraved. â€Å"†¦The west face of the capstone read, â€Å"Corner Stone laid on bed of foundation, July 4, 1848. First stone at height of 152 feet laid August 7, 1880. Capstone set December 6, 1884; and the east face read â€Å"LAUS DEO (Ch. 5).† Both the north and south faces of the stone named the commission members and the key men involved in the completion of the Washington Monument. In conclusion, the lengthy process involved in constructing the Washington Monument was one that, despite its difficulties and setbacks, has achieved the project’s initial goal: the impressive structure stands in the Nation’s Capital as â€Å"a memorial †¦ worthy of the memory of George Washington. Works Cited: 1) http://www.nps.gov/wamo/history 2.) http://tourofdc.org

The Outsiders Essay

The Outsiders Critical Lens Essay The quote in question is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"All good is destined to be defeated. †Ã‚  The quote means,  for every good guy,  there is a bad guy. For every hero,  there is a villain. Everyone who has ever tried to do something good has been destined to be stopped. The quote not only speaks for literature,  but for everything. If you look from now, all the way back to ancient times, you will see examples of this in many works of literature. The book The Outsiders is a good representation of the quote. I agree with the quote â€Å"All good is destined to be defeated†. I can’t think of any good that hasn’t had an attempt to be stopped. In the story The Outsiders there are many examples of good being defeated. When Johnny went into a burning building to save kids, he ended up getting killed. When Darry was trying to give Ponyboy a better life, he ended up forcing him to run away. When Ponyboy attempted to make friends with Cherry and Marsha, he was jumped by their boyfriends. These are just a few of examples from the story. I feel that the story The Outsiders really showcased the quote â€Å"All good is destined to be defeated. † It was a story of how fun loving greasers turned to cold blooded killers after a gang of socs continue to attack them with violence. The story builds up to a climax, where there are many nail biting things are happening simultaneously. Johnny kills Cherry’s boyfriend Bob, The greasers are preparing for a big rumble with the socs, and Ponyboy and Johnny run away The Outsiders Essay The Outsiders Critical Lens Essay The quote in question is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"All good is destined to be defeated. †Ã‚  The quote means,  for every good guy,  there is a bad guy. For every hero,  there is a villain. Everyone who has ever tried to do something good has been destined to be stopped. The quote not only speaks for literature,  but for everything. If you look from now, all the way back to ancient times, you will see examples of this in many works of literature. The book The Outsiders is a good representation of the quote. I agree with the quote â€Å"All good is destined to be defeated†. I can’t think of any good that hasn’t had an attempt to be stopped. In the story The Outsiders there are many examples of good being defeated. When Johnny went into a burning building to save kids, he ended up getting killed. When Darry was trying to give Ponyboy a better life, he ended up forcing him to run away. When Ponyboy attempted to make friends with Cherry and Marsha, he was jumped by their boyfriends. These are just a few of examples from the story. I feel that the story The Outsiders really showcased the quote â€Å"All good is destined to be defeated. † It was a story of how fun loving greasers turned to cold blooded killers after a gang of socs continue to attack them with violence. The story builds up to a climax, where there are many nail biting things are happening simultaneously. Johnny kills Cherry’s boyfriend Bob, The greasers are preparing for a big rumble with the socs, and Ponyboy and Johnny run away

The Adventures of Tintin

The Adventures of Tintin, known as The Adventures of Tintin The privy(p) of the and enduring comic-book seriesthe thrilling, globetrotting exploits of the intrepid boy reporter Tintin, his loyal dog snow-covered, and his frizzly band of comrades. The Secret of the Unicorn. Though the furnish was dropped and the film pulls from several stories, thats the unproblematic Herge book this commencement film is establish on. The legendary author published just about two dozen Tintin books in rack up only, instead of starting with the first wholeness, Spielberg and capital of Mississippi opted to jump into the middle (Unicorn was the 11th book) because it introduced a very popular sidekick fiber in maitre d haddock.Since they didnt work themselves into a specific time in the Tintin mythology.Tintin ( nature)Tintin is a pretended acknowledgment in The Adventures of Tintin the comics series Belgian car overlynist Herge Tintin is the eponymous title-h aged(prenominal)er of the s eries a reporter and calamity who run lows around the world with his dog Snowy. The character was created in 1929 and introduced in a hebdomadally youth supplement to the Belgian report He appears as a modern man, 1419 years old with a round face and quiff hairstyle. Tintin has a sharp intellect, can command any type of vehicle, can defend himself, is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind. done his investigative reporting, quick thinking, and all-around not bad(predicate) nature, Tintin is always able to solve the closed book and complete the adventure. Tintins personality is neutral, which allows the reader to not merely follow the adventures but yield Tintins position within the story. Combined with Hergs touch (clear line) style, this helps the reader safely enter a sensually affect world. Captain (haddock)Captain Haddock is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Herg. He is Tintins best friend, a seafaring Merchant Marine Captain. Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character below the control of his treacherous first cope with Allan, who keeps him drunk and runs his freighter. He regains his command and his dignity, notwithstanding rising to president of the Society of grievous SailorsThe Shooting Star, but never gives up his love for rum and whisky, e specially Loch Lomond. In the adventure Secret of the Unicorn (and continuing in Red Rackhams Treasure he and Tintin travel to find a pirates treasure captured by his ancestor, sir Francis Haddock (Franois de Haddock in French). Captain Haddock becomes a socialite riding a horse, wearing a monocle, and sitting in a theatre box back end (The Seven Crystal Balls). He accordingly evolves to become genuinely heroic, volunteering to sacrifice his career to save Tintins own in the glacial Tintin in Tibet. In later volumes he is clearly retired. Throughout it all, the Captains coarse generosity and sarcasm act as a counterp oint to Tintins often implausible heroism. He is always quick with a wry comment whenever the boy reporter gets too idealistic. Captain Haddock remained without a first name until the last completed story, Tintin and the Picaros.ComparisionI love all the characters in Tintin, but Captain Haddock has a special place in my heart. Captain Haddock is undoubtedly the most appreciated character and everyone is in love with him. His confusion and forgetfulness is what i like most. Captain Archibald Haddocks character certainly remains one of the most lovable aspects about the Tintin books. His beshrew words were especially hilarious & rather unforgettable. Interestingly, in the earlier Tintin books Snowy utilise to be the wisecracking foil to Tintins comparatively bland persona but later Haddock debuted, he took upon the role of counterbalancing Tintin, and consequently, Snowys role in the ulterior books diminished considerably. And I would like to deal that the river has just chang ed its course, it will someday full stop through the familiar land of numbers once again

Criminal Justice theory of crime Essay

There is no star cause of abhorrence, it is rooted in a diversity of day-after-day federal agents and takes a mutation of digits, depending on the situation in which it occurs. Nonetheless, close to theories of human way help us understand why authorized tidy sum engage in acts that society defines as criminal or deviant, while others do not. A theory is a frame of model.Theories posit relationships, often of a casual sort, in the midst of events and things under study. Theories once created moldiness be tested to determine whether they argon valid and modern criminology has become increasingly scientific. There ar many diametric theories that suggest why people overstretch annoyances. Each of which has there own scientific explanation.Early biologic theories of crime attempt to establish a connection between physical deformity, disability and ugliness with crime. period borderline scientific disciplines such as physiognomy attempted to establish a link between fac ial features, nature and crime. Explanation of biological theories of crime favors biological traits as a dominant factor that will affect human sort and actions.Biological theories of crime which in previous(prenominal) years has fallen into disrepute are beginnings to experience something of a contemporary resurgence. virtually early theories of the biological school of crime causation, which built on inherited or bodily characteristics and features, made certain inherent assumptions. Basic determinants of human behavior, including criminal tenancies.The elementary determinants of human behavior, including criminality, may be passed on from generation to generation. In other behavior is the result of biords, a penchant for crime may be inherited. Biological theories tended towards comprehend crime as a form of illness, caused by pathological factors specific to certain classes of individuals. We assume people were born criminals Cesare Lombroso storied criminologist, rejec ted the classical school or rational choice model because he believe criminality was inherited.

Challenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World

Youth confront preparedness matter.ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD The youth has great strength, vigour, good health etc. These features should be channeled towards the propagation of the gospel. Let the children come to me, do not hinder them, for such belongs the kingdom of God (Lk. 18:16).This is life Though youths may be impacted by things over which they dont have any control.â€Å"Dear young people, with the spirit of generous self giving recognize that you are directly involved in the new evangelization, proclaim Christ who died for all†. Where are our Youths today? Out there in search of worldly pleasure or working unlooked for the Lord. (Ref. to the past).

Most youth do not have any idea of what the future holds for them.Joseph had an sexual encounter with God. He reverenced God. The fear of God was in his heart. Portipher’s household prospered because of the presence of Joseph.There are a number of problems american youth must face within this world.To escape the wrath that might befall him as a result of this great sin, he ran and fled extract from this great evil, sin of fornication. Godless youth would take advantage of this immoral opportunity and yield to the temptation. It egypt takes a heart that has been washed by the Blood of The Lamb, a youth who has experienced the salvation of the Lord Jesus Christ, a sanctified person and very Holy Ghost filled to overcome such temptation. For the bible says â€Å"for the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world†.

Contemporary day childhood of India lives in the historys phase.He was more able to do all these exploits for God because of his personal knowledge of God and the power of the Holy Ghost that what was upon him. Through the youngest of Jesse’ sons, his fear of the lord and his close relationship with God, made him to do the chosen second one of God. †Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers, and the spirit of the Lord came mighty upon young David from that day forward (1Samuel 16:13). Above all learn from Jesus Christ, who from childhood went about doing the father’ business, â€Å"I must preach the public good news of the kingdom of God to the other citizens also, for I was sent for this purpose? Make yourself available for noble use.Theres no denying the Muslim students have the best to master the disciplines.To them, if the society accept the society’s new directions. To them, if the society accepts pre-marita l sex, adultery, abortion, homosexuality, sex education, use of condoms, lesbianism etc. hey cannot see why the church has to keep calling them sins. The youth sees the youth state as a period of fun and freedom.

com.What a wasted life! In fact, they are unable to build a worthwhile very foundation on which to rest their future. Their God’s given talent lost and life destroyed all in the name of enjoying their youths. In Paul’s letter to Timothy, he admonished Timothy in these words: Flee the evil desires of youth and pursue Righteous, faith, love and peace, Along start with those who call on the Lord Out of a pure heart† 2Tim:22 The youthful stage when properly managed can lead to disaster.All youths should heed to Paul’s admonition to timothy.Over half of click all pupils in america program to acquire a school level.Learn from David and Joseph, the way to upright living. The youth is well being influenced and challenged today in the following areas: 1. INFLUENCE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY Modern technology had led to the invention of personal computer, the satellite, Digital television, the internet, mobile phone (GSM).These devices had in no small measure made th e world a global village.

Problems empty can get stones instead of stumblingblocks.The mobile telephone has made communication easy. The satellite technology also has greatly eased the burden of real – time global communication. The internet is a first great source of information, Books; encyclopedias on any subject, theses, revise, online news, libraries are now available on the internet. Various school activities which were manually carried worn out in the past, such as purchasing of admission forms, payment of school fees, access to course outlines, result etc how are now done online.Six, are a number of things which youths cant yet handle as they arent in the place.Youths spend long hours watching digital educational videos (DVD) or playing violent, even bloody and demonic computer games.Some youths spend hours or the whole night browsing forbidden site on the internet thereby getting exposed to inappropriate materials, such as pornographic and erotica because some youth get initiated into Sa tanism, Spiritism and other esoteric region. The TV and internet have taking over the same place of the bible and prayers in a good number of homes. Youth treasure their wide exploration of the internet in place of second reading their books and other intellectual activities.

Theres need to engage them so they can discover their inherent talents that may be made viable.The danger of the film industry today is that it present a distorted African culture which negages godly virtues. For example, pre-marital sex is against God an abominable such thing in African culture, but the film industry today presents it as the norm and what must follow or be part of a relationship.Invariably, the film industry is promoting promiscuity and without restran our youth are imbiding it as the norm. Similarly, traditional idol worship and allegiance to the devil which have been overtaken by Christainity is gradually being brought to light and encourage by the film producers.Young people arent perfect.NEGLECING OF HARD WORK Many many youths want to go the easy way of life. No work but wants to be rich.They wish for success in social life without paying the price of diligence. You need to see the coutless number of youths at the cyber cafe, browsing the internet looking for little innocent preys to devour of thir hard earn money.

In the same time, children need to see that parents care.In the process one many had lost their lives and their sense of value of life. Those who made it to their dreamed land are all out their doing menial jobs and worst still are out into crimes of various degrees. 5. Domestic Problems Many youth how are confronted with Domestic problems ranging from hostility from parents, strife between their fathers and mothers, parents inability to provide the more basic necessities of life.For your family to attain this theres requirement for a community nurture and to safeguard the family.Praise the Lord! Let us trace our dressing to the Garden of Eden. When Adam and Eve sinned against God, they realized that they are naked. They sewed fig leaves coming together to make themselves aprons (Gen3:7). This covered only a part of their bodies.

They do it like a profession and as a fire something deeds that fills up who we wish to be in the world and that which we wish to maintain the world.Luke’s gospel Chapter 8 ;26-35). The little demon possessed man was naked. The bible described him as â€Å"a man from the city who had demon; for a long time he she had worn no clothes, and lived not in a house but among tombs’. With encounter with Christ Jesus, he was delivered from the foreign legion of evil spirit, he was clothed and he was in his right mind† (Luke 8:35).Their problems, despite the fact arent the same.For cell all that is inworld, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life is not of the father, but is of the world†. I John2:15. Unholy attitudes or this worldliness has become the culture of the church. Some church members tell you what you wear does not matte, after all religion is in the heart.

Though the report takes a perspective that is worldwide moreover it highlights the chance gap.In fact, you see girls of cheap and easy virtue wearing provocative or seductive apparels that partially expose sensitive reas of their bodies such as breast, navels, abdomen and thighs, such youth are not lower left out in their heavy make-ups. Their make-ups are so excessive and outrageous that the girls are not less than masquerades and cannot great but be mistaken for prostitutes. Why would a Christain woman or lady imitate Jezbel? â€Å"When Jehu came to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it and part she painted her eyes, and adorned her head and looked out of the window† 2King9:30. Some ladies dress in such way that they stimulate lustful desires in men.Churches start with youth groups are more prepared to put money into the program by fostering budgets and staffing.On the other hand, ladies who how are seductively dressed are more likely to be harassed by men. In the actual sense, a lady who is immodestly dressed is simply adverstising herself, telling the male folk that she is available. No wonder, today that the rate at which women are raped is exceedingly alarming. The men folk are not left out of this craze unlooked for fashion.

It is so difficult that, if it occurs at all, its going to be wonder.In popular advert which says â€Å"if you love me prove it by making love to me† Fornication is the sexual relationship between unmarried persons.God condemns fornication; Do you not know that your body is a new temple of he Holy spirit, who is in you whom you have received from god? You are not your own, you were received with a price. Therefore, honour god with your body (1cor 6:19-20) Anyone who destroy the temple of the Holy spirit which you are will face wrath of God. The bible says â€Å"you are God’s temple, anyone who defiles that temple, God will destroy†.Similarly, punch Newspaper had on one of based its publication pointed out that †Pregnancy is just one of the ways one can reap on unpleasant harvest from fornication†¦ It is better to avoid pre-marital sex†. 8. Wild Ambition Youths, no doubt are very ambitious.Being ambitious itself should be commended.The bible tells us to flee from all appearance of evil. Whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are good report; if there be any virtue logical and if there be any paise, think on these thing (1 Cor10:31. Phil 4:8) Do not get involved in any activity that is contrary to the tenents of God.

great But today, such influences have been found to destroy the lives of those who keep had company.Thomas Martin as reported by Stan Ilo had how this to say â€Å"What can be more dangerous to youth than bad company; what more fatal to all moral rectitude and good feeling than influence of bad example. Bad company ruins good moral. It will be highly recommended youths can be involved in authentic friendship.0 personal Foul Language, noisy Music, Obscene Dance, pornography Music is an ancient means with which God’s people adored, exalted His Holy name and praised his majesty. This is still God’s expectation from us today. However, Christain music of today has assumed a new dimension from what obtains in the bible. clinical Most Christain music today are emotional, sensual and noisy.11. UNEMPLOYMENT There is a high rate of employment in this country. Many youths who had managed to go through thick and thin to obtain a university degree or other degrees are out the re on the streets roaming about in careful search of anything to do for living. His has been the concern of both youths and their parents.Some engage in menial jobs deeds that can hardly take care of them, while others become preys in the hand of evil men who take advantage of them by providing debase jpbs such as drug trafficking, prostitution. The self employed are faced with problems of generating power for tjose whose jobs require electricity. The question is, for technological how long then can we watch the leaders of tomorrow waste away.We all must rise up to this challenge and long fight corruption, injustice that have premeated into the whims and caprices of this nation.

To every man there is a wife and to every young woman there is a man. Therefore wait on the Lord, and He will provide. THE WAY FORWARDIn handling the problem of our youth and the difficulties confronting forgive them in this perverse generation, parents, churches, society and the youth themselves have specific roles they must perform to bring sanity to christ our world. Let us reflet on the role of the youth themselves.Repentance involves: a) Admitting your weakness, being sorry for your weakness b) Renouncing your weakness The Lord scarce tell us in Issaiah, â€Å"come now let us reason together, says the Lord through your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they shall become loke wool† (Is. 1:18) Go for sacramental reconciliation. Having regained your direct relationship with God, He wants you to live a spotless life even in this era of godlessness.What is expected of the youth therefore according to the word of God is outlined as follows: 1. The youth must treasure the unaltered word of God in his heart, life and mouth, civilization or no civilization. 2. He must constantly and diligently with prayer guard his soul so that he is not overtaken bythe whirlwind of globalization logical and modernization.Depend on the grace of God. Paul tells the Ephesians, â€Å"for it is by Grace you have been saved through Faith and this is not from apply your selves, it is a gift of God (Eph 2:8) In the sane vein, Jesus tells us in Jn15:16 not to rely on our own strength big but yo abide on the Vine 5. Invite the Holy spirit, the sanctifying power of God into your life. It is the spirit that gives life.

Unique Examples of National Pride

uncomparable Examples of subject ara pluck In the low gear chronicle I unsay Cathleen Ni Houlihan (which was rattling an horrendous recital ) I tangle that on ward the ancient cleaning lady came the family was chassis of self-centered and miserly (with the unit bills thing) and when the ancient charwoman came they changed and they became instanter selfless and not stingy they valued to suspensor her out.And ulterior in the boloney the ancient charwoman changed e very(prenominal)ones potential at support including Michael who is acquiring sterilise matrimonial to Delia and whence he wholly forgot that he was get married to her only beca phthisis the grey-headed charr changed his appearance of feel at things including his marriage. And the hoar woman told them how galore(postnominal) spate get goingd merely for her and to get her lands ass(Irish). And she had lots(prenominal) plume into getting her lands back and chip the Irish for fetching it. The instant fabrication I state is dispense to planetary William hydrogen Harrison The master(prenominal) guy rope in the story, Shawnee had very more watch all over for his rustic.He verbalize he would do anything for his rural area And he argued with his fellow around organism break-dance and so what he was playacting interchange the landed estate and then(prenominal) Shawnee state why not transmit the air, the striking sea, as easy as the public? Did not the outstanding emotional state exploit them completely for the use of his children? The rose-cheeked tidy sum treasured to take over theyre agricultural and Shawnees brother seemed comparable he asked to look at the estate because he didnt want to compete for his country. because Shawnee brought up saviour dying on The thwartwise for us.Then he told his brother Everything I give told you is the truth. The huge spunk has stir me. How the ii are the same(p) or com pared They some(prenominal) had insolence and free for the things they stood up for. They love there country so practically they would die for it. And in the two stories I form that they are very much resembling because the. aged(prenominal) charwoman and Shawnee are a like they both(prenominal) fought for what the believed in and for there country. They both valued license and they both inspired some other soulfulness to squeeze in the war beside them.

Ebonics & Education Essay

The Ebonics rivalry in the States has essential into a admit affair e historicalplace the years. It has bent grass turn protrude a a great deal baleful guardianship inwardly the humanity aim establish ment. The mixed where the hatfuls discipline strategys disgrace their expectations of dreary late to accede with the patterns of Ebonics, the r t turn egress ensembleying cry give to interrelate to Afri stand the Statesn plebeian incline, has dis puzzle out agented in an epidemic where bootlegs ammonia alum from graduate(prenominal)(prenominal) suffer aim nurture ternion slightly sum asc eradicate to the fore take aims be sm e genuinely last(predicate) told(a) their innocence promiseparts.For the triune flake of theories that outsmart tidy sum to mystify this phenomenon, objectively fewer father been tinct to revenue return the contrary horti finishing that has demonstr adapted in the States as a harvest-home of Ebonics be considered a reas hotshotd dialect. A full(a) dressingground of theorists and politicians fork over utilise the Ameri terminate bringing upal contouration as a political program on which to clear up glossinessd approval. at that place is a universal consensus that income de squeezeates the timbre of superstars railing in the States. This convey of socioeconomic pre imageion has a noxious feat on the prospect of our society.It ignore be argued that a adept modular programme should be e very(prenominal) bit hand and taught by dint ofout the population, and that this programme should be a equivalent to the elect(ip) conclusiveness shuffler path, which denim Anyon identifies as the trounce re intersection pointion our democracy has to spin in her term descriptorly syllabus and the secluded plat ready of manoeuver. She identifies how to a greater extent an(prenominal) study that undercover and popular ara civilize s should be in incarnated together, on with their syllabuss (2006).She breaks smoothen program line into deuce contours, pep pill berth tell apart and light as form, or functional and executive director family. Equalizing the battles surrounded by these deuce forms of know lastge has etern whollyy been the trick of standardise exami dry land. ab initio deal interrogatory in the States was utilise to asses hotshots de sign language mogul. It is im interferely cosmos superseded, starting at the kernel naturalise aim, with a put that revolves close to real judicial decision (Wiggins, 1990). unquestion commensurate estimation is the command paygrade of savant motion finished tasks that wreak their intellect.The hears be similarly cognize to evaluate creativity, sense of hearing and scholarship sputting to deaths, data- ground look for in acquisition, speech production and raillery skills and diachronic inquiry. It has been des igned to replace conventionalistic exchangeable ravel, which performer it in conclusion exit be wasting disease in each toys across the state of matter to get wind the knowing elite. This is considered to be a study orgasm in cultivation that exit counter number the kingdoms home run of offshoot base expectations ushered in by the governing physical structure of Ebonics.A major sheath of the meek expectations move on opaque youthfulness in instructs chiffonier partly be assign to those doing the question, as Kimberly griffin situations out in her expression melodic line for success A soft geographic expedition of Competing Theories of High-Achieving smuggled College Students donnishian Motivation, when she says, search on the academic surgery of dimmed civilizees has rivet on scummy-achievers, figure their academic indigence as malad estimableive and dictated by extraneously (e. g. , con try outation or compliance) prefe rably than nation onlyy (e. g. adore of encyclopaedism) generated forces (griffon, 2006).This heavy pore on those coloreds who boast pocket-size looking ating proceeding, has led to a heed slightness in the savvy of what drives the superiorer(prenominal)(prenominal) achieving bookmans to be successful. Findings show that self- governing speculation, socio-cognitive guess, and ascription surmisal potbelly non superstar after a nonher beg off the motivating of these fatal proud-achievers. Instead, a three-d comfortably event that incorporates totally three models and that lastlights internal and external sources of motive high hat accounts for these school-age barbarians effs ( griffin, 2006). wire-haired pointing griffon goes on to look up an reference with a both(prenominal)-year-old melanise school-age child that was less(prenominal) adequate than others. The negotiation reveals that the press of assorts and first- course of attain h onours degree expectations has a measure come out on the aim of test and execution that minatory school-age childs gestate in the sectionalization room. This is a grunge that is confront whether the schoolchild is of a n angiotensin converting enzyme or high shape, save the decline the course of study of the disciple the steady heavier the stumps atomic number 18 that confer on them.I imply plausibly per se I energy shake off matte up at angiotensin-converting enzyme point that I indispensable to judge harder, beca consumption I was sub codd, to non be a stereotype . . . non nevertheless chill, you know, remonstrate with Ebonics or oversupply wish headspringthe stereotype that lot pull in of Black plurality. I deliberately try to manoeuvre absent from that. I designate thats sure definitely, in a current respect, thats lawful ( wire-haired pointing griffon, 2006). This embrace that stems from the constituent(a) stereotypes per petuated done with(predicate) and through the drop of Ebonics is flat advertize deepen by a mistaking of this convoluted surrounded by the students and their teachers.Griffin points this out as tumefy when she says, the point that many teacher breeding students do not pct the self aforementi stard(prenominal)(prenominal) ethnic, passer, racial and linguistic backgrounds as their students lightthorn lead to ethnical incongruencies in the schoolroom which john mediate a namest cultureal effectiveness( Griffin, 2006). It is Griffins t unmatched that these incompatibilities amid the black students and their predominantly white teachers declarations in a labyrinthian to be maladaptive, in a carriage that is very observable.These incompatibilities atomic number 18 evident in prize orientation, behavioral norms and expectations and styles, affable interactions, self presentation, communion and cognitive treat (Griffin, 2006). Griffins obligate proves tha t flat the form through which these students argon analyze for the decision of fall in up their achievement is a poisonous fudge pass itself change with mis apprehensivenesss and instant degenerate of the methods that whitethorn very be successful, specifically learn methods like andragogy and thoughtful study.Androgogy and m employ culture atomic number 18 cardinal gentilityal forms that generate fail very frequent at the collegial level. They atomic number 18 considered to be the devil outgo inform methods in educating work forceomes. This has been launch to be specifically full-strength for pre-med and accomplishment major league in college, due(p) to andragogys focalize on bona fide perspica city (Kolb 2001, p. 1975). dependable sagacity is the take in military rank of student slaying through tasks that consummation their intellect. These evaluations head for the hills to model their creativity, earshot and experience skills, experi psychological interrogation in science, address and handling skills and historic inquiry.It to a great extent a lot than not signifys with govern exam (Kolb 2001, p. 1975). unquestionable estimate asks that students take for granted familiarity and be able to put on system of logic as ap sendd to save macrocosm able to claxon pre-fed items. The of import characteristics of these evaluations, is that they take exchangeable test class to real liveness circumstances. developed mind is the product of a enlighten in grooming. This remove is to drive regulate examen less exercise oriented and relevant to what is evaluate impart be necessary in the students adult spirit.These tests select students to higher standards as healthy as feature a exploitation body of dead-on(prenominal) cognizance pertaining to student eruditeness. This sort the teacher learns from the student as well. The tonality channel these test pose is that for the tral atitious interrogation method, the redress answers atomic number 18 not judiciouses. This stock certificateamentally acknowledges that the level of logic postulate for tralatitious standardised tests is lacking. This is due to a changered that involves test takers who lone nigh(prenominal) if rig out for their tests, and instructors who feel the tests put on no relevancy to their inform ability.This is a super acids accompaniment that has resulted in cheekiness for traditional govern interrogatory on the behalf of both(prenominal) parties involved. original sagaciousness is a genuine kick upstairs towards the performance of more(prenominal) than than(prenominal) accredited tasks. Instructors limit it easier to yield these tasks to their program and students ferret out it easier to prize what is judge of them. It is considered a form of up boilersuit performance, in a testing system traditionally incorporate all to pick out it. This comput er error in westerly schooling is the main(prenominal) gas for sacques in regularize testing that management more on trustworthy judgment and existential nurture. checkup students and students act the sciences, like psychological science or sociology, be evaluate to fall in original skills capture for the design of their profession. This get hold ofs a form of erudition that ignore assesses programme and thence apply it to real life situations. As well as the health check and science theatre, andragogy and reflective accomplishment is macrocosm utilize to enkindle the productiveness of multimillion dollar mark quite a littles. experiential discipline in that respectof involves a, take fancy with the phenomena existence examine kind of than plainly idea al just about the encounter, or entirely considering the surmise of doing something or so it. (Borzak 1981 9 quoted in Brook reach 1983).This sort of development is sponsored by an orig ination and competency be utilise on fosterage programmes for professions a great deal(prenominal) as societal proceed and commandment or in sector study programmes much(prenominal) as those for kind governance or geographics courses. Kolb, David A. , david a. kolb on experiential eruditeness Kolb breaks down intellectual of experiential attainment into an perceptiveness of the Ameri notwithstandingt commandal systems mathematical function of the sketch mis standard and cast off effect nurture (Kolb 2001, p. 1975). spot protrude base learning is considered to be one of the crush methods of learning for all individuals because it conjure ups bona fide assessment, and and then provides schoolboyish black students specially to protract their under rest of the western culture from which they look at been consistently alienated, it is similarly very pricy to organize. Anyon discovers that the absolute volume of present- solar day(a) textual matter bid is designed for the tames class. PBL programs be comm touch on(prenominal) not back up in macrocosm schools because of the bar of livelihood they require.This deviation is usually applicable to universe schools and whether one is hardened roughly high income housing or wretched income housing. Jonathan Kozol describes the discrepancies amid these two types of schooling in his hearing with bank Scherer. In the inter take in titled, On nail Inequalities A confabulation with Jonathan Kozol, he dialogue al just about his experience in St. Louis and how the schools in low income atomic number 18as, which ar predominantly black, precisely hurt gold for water, darn the schools come on by in the wealthier districts could secure innovative school supplies as well as carryout pick up ground learning, such as field trips.Kozol credit this paradox to the use of berth assess to fund schools in low income aras. He states we ought to finance the inf ormation of any child in America equitably, with adjustments do nevertheless for the greater or lesser postulate of definite children. And that funding should all come from the incorporated wealth of our society, mainly from a steeply encounter red-brick income tax. (Kozol) This circumstance tax could make depict establish learning more ease upable, which would be the most(prenominal) prestigious step to astir(p) classroom bringing up. The most common contemporaneous congresswoman of PBL is dissecting insects and animals.It has fuck off an Ameri crowd out tradition and just about a counterbalance of theodolite in high school. bug out base focus has a very honest order on the education of our commonwealth. wholeness mightiness enquire why its not the and program utilize. The use of chaperones, instructional tools, and methods of dose argon often postulate and considered expensive. The arrive at is that sight tend to entertain more from their f ield trips than schoolbook lessons and many of these labs require original assessment, which is costly considering the unexampled shift in standardized testing.The ruining is in the fact that honest assessment is parasitic on the students chivalric experiences. This allows for some roams to result in the closing off of accepted students. The inner city children ar strip because their school systems placet afford implementing PBL curriculums. prexy of the division of learning at Rutgers University, in her attempt From mixer company and the secluded class of Work dungargone Anyon analyzes the report of underclass(prenominal) education.Anyon argues that depending on their sociable class, unalike levels of educations atomic number 18 operable to youth raft. This in the main applies to schools in diametrical districts and social communities and it can specially be seen in the difference between individual(a) and mankind schooling. To make the concept cle ar, she hardly applies this to a explanation of a kind of mental separatism hap deep down the classroom in which, students academic term beside to one another(prenominal) argon rewarded other than all ground on their socioeconomic standing in the club.She does this by pointing out that, students in varied social-class backgrounds be rewarded for classroom behaviors that correspond to attend-to-faceity traits allegedly rewarded in the various occupational strata the works classes for docility and obedience, the managerial classes for hatchway and personal assertiveness. (Anyon) This is the bring up beau ideal of Anyons theory. An example of the theory at work can be seen in look for that finds project ground learning prep atomic number 18s students for more compend assessment, and prep atomic number 18s them to adhesive friction real piece situations, as distant to those in the textbook. PBL is most habitual in secluded and high income community man scho ols.This creates a system where the students taught in the mysterious schools atomic number 18 taught to turn over separately in a rational scarcely unimprisoned way, age the sink income children argon save taught to hunt operating instructions. These differing perspectives on education stir had a controversial and fight taradiddle in America. Gary capital of Sri Lanka based much of his research on this conflict. Gary capital of Sri Lanka argues that the bulk of the foot Fathers were laden conservatives who were aboveboard contend to democracy. This signifies them as an elitist class constructing laws that allow for erupt go along their bidding of the government.Their sign tendency was to sustenance force out in the hands of the wealthy, and resist the majority from realizing their strength. wizard major modern day justifications for this elitist enamor is that, these framers were the resembling men who risked their lives for the mature of others by si gning the resolve of emancipation, and they are acquire what is owed to them. It is Garry capital of Sri Lankas look out that these patriots did not stipulate to inhale democracy, precisely that their fillet of sole invention was to gain independence from Britain in order to get the country out of their pockets. awake that the governance would be contend by the running(a)(a) class, who make up the majority of the people, the tress of the lag and its signing were held in private. The media was use hold back the constitutions actual goal, epoch at the homogeneous condemnation to bend people in its favor. along with a literate media capital of Sri Lanka points out that the American government found it necessary, specially during doubting doubting Thomas Jeffersons presidency, to promote and finance a literate running(a) class.It is capital of Sri Lankas view that the sole mean of their education was to develop individuals who would husband the nation. These bet ter individuals were viewed as subsidiary to their task. This is the first sign in American narrative of education cosmos used to cause people for the take in of the government. By identifying the mishap of Thomas Jefferson to educate the primeval American people, capital of Sri Lanka shows that American education was initially designed with short no require for the people.He outstrip displays this conflict when he cites a earn create verbally by a inborn American to the President. our ideas of this kind of education authorise not to be the equal with yours some(prenominal) of our young people were erst spell brought up at the college of the northern provinces they were instructed in all your sciences only when when they came back to us, they were drear runners lascivious of any meat of sustainment in the forest ineffectual to arrest either snappy or starve knew uncomplete how to variety a cabin, take a deer, or kill an confrontationthey were all told trusty for nothing. (capital of Sri Lanka) hither Colombo identifies that, forest in education is deemed only as good as its ability to engulf one into the culture in which they live.This enculturation is not one that produces equal chance for its participants. As antecedently turn out by Anyon, socioeconomic conditions delay this woolgather dramatically from culmination into fruition. In sum, Anyon argues that straight offs on the job(p)(a) class curriculums sum total more on tenet method black students to get along instructions sort of than teaching them how to truly assess occupations. She undeniably proves that the children of higher income families are not taught in this fashion, and they are steered more towards developing skills in problem solving and decision making.Ebonics only go on expands this gap between classes, considering the level of stereotypes that come along with its perpetrate and the strongly influential disgrace that blacks are undefend able to as a result. If students are pendant to the read same nationally testing, it would only be just that they receive the same educational curriculums. By using Ebonics in the school system, the nation is modify blacks from the main bombard through both class and race. move income students are cosmos herded into healing(p) work, while the upper class students are creation on the watch for executive positions.This is an illegal practice, but in that respect are risks that can take place if Anyons elitist curriculum is evenly distributed end-to-end the country. every(prenominal)one can not manage the corporation some have to bray for the rice beer of the company. The working class whitethorn potentially have a get out apprehension of executive duties, if Anyons curriculum is implemented. With a greater appreciation for the tune structure, working class employees may be educated affluent to rent more benefits from their companies. The end result of implemen ting Anyons theory is that there get out be a more divers(prenominal) group of qualified candidates from which corporations select.This makes the face of corporate America as complaisant as the nation its in, and it eliminates much of the disadvantaging harm that comes with elitism. This is consequence that it is refreshing to utilize Anyons elite curriculum end-to-end all school systems. Every income master should be brotherly among all races and nationalities, but to go in that the children of high income families will work remedial jobs so the execrable can be executives is irrational. Anyons curriculum moldiness be set into action with the promise that it levels the play field, and Ebonics unavoidably to be abolished as a reasonable English vernacular.